580 lines
22 KiB
Python
580 lines
22 KiB
Python
import pandas as pd
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import numpy as np
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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import os
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ID_LIKE_COLUMNS = {
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"id",
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"device_id",
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"node_id",
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"sensor_id",
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"monitor_id",
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"junction_id",
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}
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def _normalize_time_frame(data: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
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"""返回按时间排序的副本，并尽量将 time 列解析为时间类型。"""
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data = data.copy()
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if "time" in data.columns:
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data["time"] = pd.to_datetime(data["time"], errors="coerce")
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data = data.sort_values(["time"]).reset_index(drop=True)
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return data
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def _select_pressure_columns(data: pd.DataFrame) -> tuple[list[str], list[str]]:
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"""区分需要清洗的数值列与需要原样保留的列。"""
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value_cols: list[str] = []
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keep_cols: list[str] = []
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for col in data.columns:
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if col == "time":
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continue
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col_key = col.lower()
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if col_key in ID_LIKE_COLUMNS or col_key.endswith("_id"):
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keep_cols.append(col)
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continue
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numeric = pd.to_numeric(data[col], errors="coerce")
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if numeric.notna().sum() == 0 or numeric.nunique(dropna=True) <= 1:
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keep_cols.append(col)
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else:
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value_cols.append(col)
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return value_cols, keep_cols
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def _robust_scale(values: pd.Series) -> float:
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"""基于 MAD 计算稳健尺度。"""
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series = pd.to_numeric(values, errors="coerce").dropna()
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if series.empty:
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return 1.0
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median = series.median()
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mad = (series - median).abs().median()
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if pd.notna(mad) and mad > 0:
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return float(1.4826 * mad)
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iqr = series.quantile(0.75) - series.quantile(0.25)
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if pd.notna(iqr) and iqr > 0:
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return float(iqr / 1.349)
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std = series.std()
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if pd.notna(std) and std > 0:
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return float(std)
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return 1.0
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def _shrink_toward_baseline(observed: float, baseline: float, scale: float) -> float:
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"""把观测值向基线值收缩，scale 越小，修复越强。"""
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if pd.isna(observed):
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return baseline
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if pd.isna(baseline):
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return observed
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diff = observed - baseline
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weight = scale / (abs(diff) + scale)
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return float(baseline + diff * weight)
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def _infer_time_frequency(time_values: pd.Series | pd.Index) -> pd.Timedelta:
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"""从时间序列中推断采样频率，失败时默认 15 分钟。"""
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parsed = pd.to_datetime(pd.Series(time_values), errors="coerce").dropna().sort_values()
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if len(parsed) < 2:
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return pd.Timedelta(minutes=15)
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diffs = parsed.diff().dropna()
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diffs = diffs[diffs > pd.Timedelta(0)]
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if diffs.empty:
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return pd.Timedelta(minutes=15)
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mode = diffs.mode()
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return mode.iloc[0] if not mode.empty else diffs.median()
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def _build_local_pressure_baseline(series: pd.Series) -> pd.Series:
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"""基于局部插值与中值滤波构造平滑基线。"""
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baseline = _safe_time_interpolate(series)
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baseline = baseline.rolling(window=5, center=True, min_periods=1).median()
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baseline = _safe_time_interpolate(baseline)
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return baseline.ffill().bfill()
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def _build_seasonal_pressure_baseline(series: pd.Series) -> pd.Series:
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"""按一天内的同一时刻构造季节性基线，适合日周期压力数据。"""
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if not isinstance(series.index, pd.DatetimeIndex):
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return pd.Series(np.nan, index=series.index, dtype=float)
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slot_labels = pd.Series(series.index.strftime("%H:%M:%S"), index=series.index)
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return series.groupby(slot_labels).transform("median")
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def _detect_pressure_spikes(series: pd.Series, local_baseline: pd.Series) -> pd.Series:
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"""识别单点异常上升/下降尖峰，避免过度修正正常波动。"""
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residual = series - local_baseline
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neighbor_center = (series.shift(1) + series.shift(-1)) / 2
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curvature = series - neighbor_center
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residual_scale = max(_robust_scale(residual), 1e-6)
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curvature_scale = max(_robust_scale(curvature), 1e-6)
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direction_flip = ((series - series.shift(1)) * (series.shift(-1) - series) < 0).fillna(False)
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return (
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residual.abs() > 3.5 * residual_scale
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) & (
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curvature.abs() > 3.0 * curvature_scale
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) & direction_flip
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def _fill_pressure_gaps(
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original: pd.Series,
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repaired: pd.Series,
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local_baseline: pd.Series,
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seasonal_baseline: pd.Series,
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) -> pd.Series:
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"""短缺口用局部插值，长缺口优先使用同一时刻的季节性轨迹。"""
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missing_mask = original.isna()
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if not missing_mask.any():
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return repaired
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gap_groups = (missing_mask != missing_mask.shift(fill_value=False)).cumsum()
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gap_lengths = missing_mask.groupby(gap_groups).transform("sum").where(missing_mask, 0)
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filled = repaired.copy()
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short_gap_mask = missing_mask & (gap_lengths < 4)
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long_gap_mask = missing_mask & ~short_gap_mask
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filled[short_gap_mask] = local_baseline[short_gap_mask]
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long_gap_fill = seasonal_baseline.where(seasonal_baseline.notna(), local_baseline)
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filled[long_gap_mask] = long_gap_fill[long_gap_mask]
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return filled
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def _clean_pressure_series(series: pd.Series) -> pd.Series:
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"""清洗单个压力时间序列。"""
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series = pd.to_numeric(series, errors="coerce").astype(float)
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local_baseline = _build_local_pressure_baseline(series)
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spike_mask = _detect_pressure_spikes(series, local_baseline)
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repaired = series.copy()
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repaired[spike_mask] = local_baseline[spike_mask]
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seasonal_baseline = _build_seasonal_pressure_baseline(repaired)
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repaired = _fill_pressure_gaps(series, repaired, local_baseline, seasonal_baseline)
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if repaired.isna().any():
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repaired = repaired.where(repaired.notna(), local_baseline)
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return repaired.ffill().bfill()
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def _format_time_column(data: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
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"""统一输出时间格式，方便下游直接按 ISO 字符串解析。"""
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if "time" not in data.columns:
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return data
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formatted = data.copy()
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time_values = pd.to_datetime(formatted["time"], errors="coerce")
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if time_values.isna().all():
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return formatted
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if time_values.dt.tz is not None:
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time_strings = time_values.dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z")
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time_strings = time_strings.str.replace(
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r"([+-]\d{2})(\d{2})$",
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r"\1:\2",
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regex=True,
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)
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else:
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time_strings = time_values.dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S")
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formatted["time"] = time_strings.where(time_values.notna(), formatted["time"])
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return formatted
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def _expand_snapshot_time_grid(data: pd.DataFrame, freq: pd.Timedelta) -> pd.DataFrame:
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"""仅补齐时间轴，不提前填充值，避免长缺口丢失原始形状特征。"""
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expanded = data.copy()
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expanded["time"] = pd.to_datetime(expanded["time"], errors="coerce")
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expanded = expanded.dropna(subset=["time"]).sort_values("time")
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if expanded.empty:
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return data
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indexed = expanded.set_index("time")
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full_index = pd.date_range(indexed.index.min(), indexed.index.max(), freq=freq)
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indexed = indexed.reindex(full_index)
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indexed.index.name = "time"
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return indexed.reset_index()
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def _safe_datetime_index(values: pd.Series | pd.Index | list[object]) -> pd.DatetimeIndex | None:
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"""尽量把时间值标准化为 DatetimeIndex；失败则返回 None。"""
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parsed = pd.to_datetime(values, errors="coerce")
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try:
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datetime_index = pd.DatetimeIndex(parsed)
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except (TypeError, ValueError):
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return None
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if datetime_index.isna().all():
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return None
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return datetime_index
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def _safe_time_interpolate(series: pd.Series) -> pd.Series:
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"""仅在索引确实是 DatetimeIndex 时使用 time interpolation。"""
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if isinstance(series.index, pd.DatetimeIndex):
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return series.interpolate(method="time", limit_direction="both")
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return series.interpolate(limit_direction="both")
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def _detect_long_form_identifier(data: pd.DataFrame, value_cols: list[str], keep_cols: list[str]) -> str | None:
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"""识别 time/id/value 长表结构。"""
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if "time" not in data.columns or len(value_cols) != 1:
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return None
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identifier_candidates = [
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col
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for col in keep_cols
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if col.lower() in ID_LIKE_COLUMNS or col.lower().endswith("_id")
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]
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if len(identifier_candidates) != 1:
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return None
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if not data["time"].duplicated().any():
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return None
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return identifier_candidates[0]
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def _clean_long_form_pressure(
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data: pd.DataFrame,
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value_col: str,
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identifier_col: str,
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keep_cols: list[str],
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fill_gaps: bool,
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) -> pd.DataFrame:
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"""按测点拆分 long-form 压力数据，再逐列清洗后恢复原结构。"""
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data = _normalize_time_frame(data)
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wide_df = (
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data[[identifier_col, "time", value_col]]
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.pivot(index="time", columns=identifier_col, values=value_col)
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.reset_index()
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)
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sensor_cols = [col for col in wide_df.columns if col != "time"]
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cleaned_wide = _clean_snapshot_pressure(wide_df, sensor_cols, keep_cols=[], fill_gaps=fill_gaps)
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cleaned_long = cleaned_wide.melt(
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id_vars="time",
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var_name=identifier_col,
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value_name=value_col,
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)
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passthrough_cols = [col for col in keep_cols if col != identifier_col]
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if passthrough_cols:
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metadata = data[[identifier_col] + passthrough_cols].drop_duplicates(subset=[identifier_col])
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cleaned_long = cleaned_long.merge(metadata, on=identifier_col, how="left")
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try:
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cleaned_long[identifier_col] = cleaned_long[identifier_col].astype(data[identifier_col].dtype)
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except (TypeError, ValueError):
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pass
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cleaned_long = cleaned_long.sort_values(["time", identifier_col]).reset_index(drop=True)
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ordered_cols = ["time", identifier_col] + passthrough_cols + [value_col]
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cleaned_long = cleaned_long[[col for col in ordered_cols if col in cleaned_long.columns]]
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return cleaned_long
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def _build_time_slot_frame(
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data: pd.DataFrame, value_col: str, expected_slots: int
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) -> pd.DataFrame:
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"""把重复时间点整理成 time x slot 的矩阵。"""
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grouped = data.groupby("time", sort=True)
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times = list(grouped.groups.keys())
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slot_frame = pd.DataFrame(index=pd.Index(times, name="time"), columns=range(expected_slots), dtype=float)
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for time_value, group in grouped:
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values = pd.to_numeric(group[value_col], errors="coerce").tolist()
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for slot_idx, value in enumerate(values[:expected_slots]):
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slot_frame.loc[time_value, slot_idx] = value
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return slot_frame
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def _slot_baseline(slot_frame: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
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"""对每个槽位做时间插值和平滑，得到基线轨迹。"""
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baseline = pd.DataFrame(index=slot_frame.index, columns=slot_frame.columns, dtype=float)
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for col in slot_frame.columns:
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series = slot_frame[col].astype(float)
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series = _safe_time_interpolate(series)
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series = series.rolling(window=5, center=True, min_periods=1).median()
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series = _safe_time_interpolate(series).ffill().bfill()
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baseline[col] = series
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return baseline
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def _choose_insertion_position(
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observed: list[float], baseline_row: pd.Series, expected_slots: int
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) -> int:
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"""为少一个观测值的时间组选择最合理的插入位置。"""
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missing_count = expected_slots - len(observed)
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if missing_count <= 0:
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return 0
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best_pos = 0
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best_cost = float("inf")
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for insert_pos in range(expected_slots):
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cost = 0.0
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obs_idx = 0
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for slot_idx in range(expected_slots):
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if slot_idx == insert_pos:
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continue
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obs_value = observed[obs_idx]
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base_value = float(baseline_row.iloc[slot_idx])
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if pd.notna(obs_value) and pd.notna(base_value):
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cost += abs(obs_value - base_value)
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obs_idx += 1
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if cost < best_cost:
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best_cost = cost
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best_pos = insert_pos
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return best_pos
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def _clean_repeated_timestamp_pressure(
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data: pd.DataFrame, value_col: str, keep_cols: list[str]
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) -> pd.DataFrame:
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"""针对同一时间点重复采样的压力数据进行修复。"""
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data = _normalize_time_frame(data)
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grouped_sizes = data.groupby("time").size()
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if grouped_sizes.empty:
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return data
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expected_slots = int(grouped_sizes.mode().iloc[0]) if not grouped_sizes.mode().empty else int(grouped_sizes.max())
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expected_slots = max(expected_slots, int(grouped_sizes.max()))
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slot_frame = _build_time_slot_frame(data, value_col, expected_slots)
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baseline_frame = _slot_baseline(slot_frame)
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residuals = slot_frame - baseline_frame
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slot_scales = {
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col: max(_robust_scale(residuals[col]), 1e-6) for col in residuals.columns
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}
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cleaned_rows: list[dict[str, object]] = []
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grouped = data.groupby("time", sort=True)
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for time_value, group in grouped:
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observed_values = pd.to_numeric(group[value_col], errors="coerce").tolist()
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baseline_row = baseline_frame.loc[time_value]
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insert_pos = _choose_insertion_position(observed_values, baseline_row, expected_slots)
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cleaned_values: list[float] = []
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obs_idx = 0
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for slot_idx in range(expected_slots):
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if slot_idx == insert_pos and len(observed_values) < expected_slots:
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cleaned_values.append(float(baseline_row.iloc[slot_idx]))
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continue
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if obs_idx >= len(observed_values):
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cleaned_values.append(float(baseline_row.iloc[slot_idx]))
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continue
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observed = observed_values[obs_idx]
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baseline = float(baseline_row.iloc[slot_idx])
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cleaned_values.append(
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_shrink_toward_baseline(observed, baseline, slot_scales.get(slot_idx, 1.0))
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)
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obs_idx += 1
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# 其余字段原样保留；常量列（如 id）直接复制第一条记录即可
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template_row = group.iloc[0].to_dict()
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for slot_idx, cleaned_value in enumerate(cleaned_values):
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row = dict(template_row)
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row["time"] = time_value
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row[value_col] = cleaned_value
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cleaned_rows.append(row)
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cleaned_df = pd.DataFrame(cleaned_rows)
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cleaned_df = cleaned_df.sort_values(["time"]).reset_index(drop=True)
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ordered_cols = ["time"] + keep_cols + [value_col]
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ordered_cols = [col for col in ordered_cols if col in cleaned_df.columns]
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remaining_cols = [col for col in cleaned_df.columns if col not in ordered_cols]
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cleaned_df = cleaned_df[ordered_cols + remaining_cols]
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return _format_time_column(cleaned_df)
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def _clean_snapshot_pressure(
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data: pd.DataFrame, value_cols: list[str], keep_cols: list[str], fill_gaps: bool
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) -> pd.DataFrame:
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"""针对单条时间序列或多列快照数据进行稳健修复。"""
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data = _normalize_time_frame(data)
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if fill_gaps and "time" in data.columns:
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freq = _infer_time_frequency(data["time"])
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data = _expand_snapshot_time_grid(data, freq)
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data["time"] = pd.to_datetime(data["time"], errors="coerce")
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data = data.sort_values(["time"]).reset_index(drop=True)
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cleaned_df = data.copy()
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time_index = (
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_safe_datetime_index(cleaned_df["time"])
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if "time" in cleaned_df.columns
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else None
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)
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if time_index is None:
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time_index = pd.RangeIndex(start=0, stop=len(cleaned_df))
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for col in value_cols:
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series = pd.Series(
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pd.to_numeric(cleaned_df[col], errors="coerce").to_numpy(),
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index=time_index,
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dtype=float,
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)
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cleaned_df[col] = _clean_pressure_series(series).to_numpy()
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ordered_cols = ["time"] + keep_cols + value_cols
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ordered_cols = [col for col in ordered_cols if col in cleaned_df.columns]
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remaining_cols = [col for col in cleaned_df.columns if col not in ordered_cols]
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cleaned_df = cleaned_df[ordered_cols + remaining_cols]
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return _format_time_column(cleaned_df)
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def clean_pressure_data_km(
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input_csv_path: str, show_plot: bool = False, fill_gaps: bool = True
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) -> str:
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"""
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读取输入 CSV，基于时间结构进行稳健修复。输出为 <input_basename>_cleaned.xlsx（同目录）。
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原始数据在 sheet 'raw_pressure_data'，处理后数据在 sheet 'cleaned_pressusre_data'。
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返回输出文件的绝对路径。
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Args:
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input_csv_path: CSV 文件路径
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show_plot: 是否显示可视化
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fill_gaps: 是否先补齐时间缺口（默认 True）
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"""
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# 读取 CSV
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input_csv_path = os.path.abspath(input_csv_path)
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data = pd.read_csv(input_csv_path, header=0, index_col=None, encoding="utf-8")
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data = _normalize_time_frame(data)
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value_cols, keep_cols = _select_pressure_columns(data)
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has_repeated_time = "time" in data.columns and data["time"].duplicated().any()
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identifier_col = _detect_long_form_identifier(data, value_cols, keep_cols)
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|
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if identifier_col is not None:
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data_repaired = _clean_long_form_pressure(
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|
data,
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value_cols[0],
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identifier_col,
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keep_cols,
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|
fill_gaps,
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|
)
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elif has_repeated_time and len(value_cols) == 1:
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data_repaired = _clean_repeated_timestamp_pressure(data, value_cols[0], keep_cols)
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|
else:
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data_repaired = _clean_snapshot_pressure(data, value_cols, keep_cols, fill_gaps)
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|
|
|
# 可选可视化（只展示首个数值列）
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|
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"] = ["SimHei"]
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|
plt.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"] = False
|
|
if show_plot and value_cols:
|
|
plot_col = value_cols[0]
|
|
if "time" in data_repaired.columns:
|
|
x = pd.to_datetime(data_repaired["time"], errors="coerce")
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|
else:
|
|
x = np.arange(len(data_repaired))
|
|
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))
|
|
plt.plot(x, pd.to_numeric(data_repaired[plot_col], errors="coerce"), label="cleaned")
|
|
plt.xlabel("时间" if "time" in data_repaired.columns else "序号")
|
|
plt.ylabel("压力监测值")
|
|
plt.title(f"{plot_col} 清洗结果")
|
|
plt.legend()
|
|
plt.show()
|
|
|
|
# 保存到 Excel：两个 sheet
|
|
input_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(input_csv_path))
|
|
input_base = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(input_csv_path))[0]
|
|
output_filename = f"{input_base}_cleaned.xlsx"
|
|
output_path = os.path.join(input_dir, output_filename)
|
|
|
|
# 如果原始数据包含时间列，将其添加回结果
|
|
data_for_save = data.copy()
|
|
data_repaired_for_save = data_repaired.copy()
|
|
|
|
if os.path.exists(output_path):
|
|
os.remove(output_path) # 覆盖同名文件
|
|
with pd.ExcelWriter(output_path, engine="openpyxl") as writer:
|
|
data_for_save.to_excel(writer, sheet_name="raw_pressure_data", index=False)
|
|
data_repaired_for_save.to_excel(
|
|
writer, sheet_name="cleaned_pressusre_data", index=False
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
# 返回输出文件的绝对路径
|
|
return os.path.abspath(output_path)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def clean_pressure_data_df_km(data: pd.DataFrame, show_plot: bool = False) -> pd.DataFrame:
|
|
"""
|
|
接收一个 DataFrame 数据结构，使用时间感知的稳健修复方法清洗压力数据。
|
|
返回清洗后的 DataFrame。
|
|
|
|
Args:
|
|
data: 输入 DataFrame（可包含 time 列）
|
|
show_plot: 是否显示可视化
|
|
"""
|
|
# 使用传入的 DataFrame
|
|
data = data.copy()
|
|
data = _normalize_time_frame(data)
|
|
value_cols, keep_cols = _select_pressure_columns(data)
|
|
has_repeated_time = "time" in data.columns and data["time"].duplicated().any()
|
|
identifier_col = _detect_long_form_identifier(data, value_cols, keep_cols)
|
|
|
|
if identifier_col is not None:
|
|
data_repaired = _clean_long_form_pressure(
|
|
data,
|
|
value_cols[0],
|
|
identifier_col,
|
|
keep_cols,
|
|
fill_gaps=True,
|
|
)
|
|
elif has_repeated_time and len(value_cols) == 1:
|
|
data_repaired = _clean_repeated_timestamp_pressure(data, value_cols[0], keep_cols)
|
|
else:
|
|
data_repaired = _clean_snapshot_pressure(data, value_cols, keep_cols, fill_gaps=True)
|
|
|
|
if show_plot and value_cols:
|
|
plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"] = ["SimHei"]
|
|
plt.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"] = False
|
|
plot_col = value_cols[0]
|
|
x = pd.to_datetime(data_repaired["time"], errors="coerce") if "time" in data_repaired.columns else np.arange(len(data_repaired))
|
|
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))
|
|
plt.plot(x, pd.to_numeric(data_repaired[plot_col], errors="coerce"), label="cleaned")
|
|
plt.xlabel("时间" if "time" in data_repaired.columns else "序号")
|
|
plt.ylabel("压力监测值")
|
|
plt.title(f"{plot_col} 清洗结果")
|
|
plt.legend()
|
|
plt.show()
|
|
|
|
return data_repaired
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 测试
|
|
# if __name__ == "__main__":
|
|
# # 默认使用脚本目录下的 pressure_raw_data.csv
|
|
# script_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
|
|
# default_csv = os.path.join(script_dir, "pressure_raw_data.csv")
|
|
# out_path = clean_pressure_data_km(default_csv, show_plot=False)
|
|
# print("保存路径：", out_path)
|
|
|
|
# 测试 clean_pressure_data_dict_km 函数
|
|
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
|
import random
|
|
|
|
# 读取 szh_pressure_scada.csv 文件
|
|
script_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
|
|
csv_path = os.path.join(script_dir, "szh_pressure_scada.csv")
|
|
data = pd.read_csv(csv_path, header=0, index_col=None, encoding="utf-8")
|
|
|
|
# 排除 Time 列，随机选择 5 列
|
|
columns_to_exclude = ["Time"]
|
|
available_columns = [col for col in data.columns if col not in columns_to_exclude]
|
|
selected_columns = random.sample(available_columns, 5)
|
|
|
|
# 将选中的列转换为字典
|
|
data_dict = {col: data[col].tolist() for col in selected_columns}
|
|
|
|
print("选中的列:", selected_columns)
|
|
print("原始数据长度:", len(data_dict[selected_columns[0]]))
|
|
|
|
# 调用函数进行清洗
|
|
cleaned_dict = clean_pressure_data_df_km(data_dict, show_plot=True)
|
|
|
|
print("清洗后的字典键:", list(cleaned_dict.keys()))
|
|
print("清洗后的数据长度:", len(cleaned_dict[selected_columns[0]]))
|
|
print("测试完成：函数运行正常")
|